The past decade has witnessed significant advances in technology that have transformed the field of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC). Inexpensive sensors, image capture, always-on wireless connections, advanced 3D visualization, geographic information system (GIS) technology, and building information modeling (BIM) have revolutionized the way AEC professionals work and make decisions.
This integration of technology has resulted in intelligent infrastructure, creating an intelligent nervous system for our infrastructure. It has not only changed the way AEC industry professionals operate, but also improved their ability to define infrastructure needs accurately and efficiently. The result is the development of a new generation of infrastructure that works more effectively and sustainably.
The components of the smart infrastructure are the following:
Sensors: The widespread use of inexpensive sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices has been instrumental in the growth of smart infrastructure. These devices collect real-time data on various parameters such as structural conditions, temperature, humidity, air quality and traffic movement. The availability and scalability of these sensors have allowed incomparable infrastructure monitoring during both the construction and operational phases.
Image capture: Affordable, high-quality cameras, combined with drones, fixed-wing aircraft and satellites, have revolutionized smart infrastructure. These cameras not only record video, but also have the ability to recognize and track objects. They play a crucial role in monitoring worker safety during construction and help detect accidents and improve safety on smart construction sites, smart buildings and smart cities. Images combined with sensors and models provide a comprehensive understanding of the environment, enabling better decision-making and problem-solving.
Wireless communication: The advent of always-on wireless internet, powered by 4G and 5G technology, has been a driving force behind the smart infrastructure revolution. These wireless networks facilitate the transmission of real-time data from sensors, IoT devices and cameras to GIS-based intelligent location central control systems. This constant connectivity has enabled data-driven decision-making and automation within projects and across all infrastructure sectors.
Advanced 2D and 3D: The development of advanced parametric functions in 2D and 3D modeling and design tools has accelerated the progress of smart infrastructure. These software tools efficiently create detailed representations of infrastructure, allowing stakeholders to assess project feasibility and identify potential problems prior to construction. Integrating IoT and sensor data into these models enables real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance and infrastructure optimization simulations.
BIM: models, modeling and management: Building Information Modeling (BIM) combines geometric data and design properties to create 3D models of buildings, roads, utilities and other infrastructure projects. It provides stakeholders with a geometrically accurate framework for collaboration and integration of IoT devices and sensors. The rich data in BIM models enables detailed monitoring, predictive maintenance and the creation of a safer, more sustainable and more resilient infrastructure. When combined with GIS, it becomes a real-time, context-sensitive, and location-aware dashboard for the built and natural world.
Capture and mapping of reality: Reality capture technologies such as laser scanning and photogrammetry have transformed infrastructure data collection by ensuring unmatched accuracy. These technologies, when integrated with GIS, provide accurate data for construction, remodeling and facilities management workflows. The close match between representations of the correct location and the actual environment improves decision-making and operations throughout the life cycle of the facility.
GIS and location intelligence: GIS acts as an aggregator of systems, data and the vision of smart infrastructure projects. Assist project teams in selecting and evaluating sites based on geography, resources, and environmental factors. GIS also helps to visualize the landscape and the placement of the planning structure to blend the built environment with nature. By integrating IoT sensors, 2D drawings, 3D models and construction machinery data, real-time geospatial analysis can be performed on construction sites, optimizing operations for efficiency, safety and resource management. GIS technology plays a crucial role in real-time construction monitoring, allowing project managers to identify and rectify plan discrepancies, streamline decision-making, and save time and resources. When combined with BIM and reality capture, GIS helps create a digital twin of infrastructure for effective facility management, reducing operational costs, improving sustainability and demonstrating the importance of GIS technology in smart infrastructure.
The integration of sensors, image capture, wireless communication, advanced design tools, BIM, reality capture and GIS has revolutionized the AEC industry. These technologies have empowered professionals to make informed decisions, optimize construction processes, improve safety and create a more efficient and effective built world.
Impact of smart infrastructure
Smart infrastructure, based on BIM, IoT sensors, imagery and GIS, has changed many parts of our lives, including:
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